RDP 2020-07: How Many Jobs Did JobKeeper Keep? References
November 2020
- Download the Paper 1.79MB
Abraham KG and SN Houseman (2014), ‘Short-Time Compensation as a Tool to Mitigate Job Loss? Evidence on the U.S. Experience during the Recent Recession’, Industrial Relations, 53(4), pp 543–567.
ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2015), ‘Leave Entitlements Data from the Labour Force Survey’, ‘Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly’, November, ABS Cat No 6291.0.55.003, viewed 29 October 2020. Available at <https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/6291.0.55.003Main%20Features6Nov%202015?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=6291.0.55.003 &issue=Nov%202015&num=&view=>.
ABS (2017), ‘Australian Labour Account Concepts’, ‘Australian Labour Account: Concepts, Sources and Methods, 2017’, ABS Cat No 6150.0, pp 17–30.
ABS (2018), ‘The Labour Force Framework’, ‘Labour Statistics: Concepts, Sources and Methods, 2018’, ABS Cat No 6102.0.55.001, pp 35–52.
ABS (2019a), ‘Insights from the Australian Census and Temporary Entrants Integrated Dataset’, viewed 29 October 2020. Available at <https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/people-and-communities/insights-australian-census-and-temporary-entrants-integrated-dataset/latest-release>.
ABS (2019b), ‘Jobs in Australia, 2011-12 to 2016-17’, ABS Cat No 6160, accessed 29 October 2020. Available at <https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/6160.0Main+Features12011-12%20to%202016-17?OpenDocument>.
ABS (2020a), ‘Business Indicators, Business Impacts of COVID-19’, April, viewed 29 October 2020. Available at <https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/business-indicators/business-indicators-business-impacts-covid-19/apr-2020>.
ABS (2020b), ‘Employment and Unemployment: An International Perspective’, ‘Labour Force, Australia’, August, viewed 29 October 2020. Available at <https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/employment-and-unemployment-international-perspective>.
ABS (2020c), ‘Secondary Jobs around 30 per cent of Total Payroll Job Losses’, ‘Weekly Payroll Jobs and Wages in Australia’, Week ending 8 August, viewed 29 October 2020. Available at <https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/earnings-and-work-hours/weekly-payroll-jobs-and-wages-australia/week-ending-8-august-2020#secondary-jobs-around-30-per-cent-of-total-payroll-job-losses>.
ABS (2020d), ‘Survey Impacts and Changes: Treatment of People on JobKeeper, JobSeeker or Stood Down’, ‘Labour Force, Australia’, August, viewed 29 October 2020. Available at <https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/employment-and-unemployment/labour-force-australia/aug-2020>.
Angrist JD and J-S Pischke (2009), Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
ATO (Australian Taxation Office) (2020a), ‘Partnerships, Trusts and Companies’, JobKeeper Payment, ATO website, viewed 29 October 2020. Available at <https://www.ato.gov.au/General/JobKeeper-Payment/Partnerships,-trusts-and-companies/>.
ATO (2020b), ‘Step 1: Enrol for the JobKeeper Payment’, JobKeeper Payment, ATO website, viewed 29 October 2020. Available at <https://www.ato.gov.au/General/JobKeeper-Payment/In-detail/JobKeeper-guide---employers-reporting-through-STP/?page=2#Step_1__Enrol_for_the_JobKeeper_payment>.
Australian Government (2020a), ‘Budget Paper No. 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook 2020–01’.
Australian Government (2020b), ‘COVID-19 Response: Supporting Australians through the Crisis’, Budget 2020-21, viewed 29 October 2020. Available at <https://budget.gov.au/2020-21/content/covid-19.htm>.
Australian Government (2020c), ‘Economic and Fiscal Update: July 2020’.
Autor D, D Cho, LD Crane, M Goldar, B Lutz, J Montes, WB Peterman, D Ratner, D Villa and A Yildirmaz (2020), ‘An Evaluation of the Paycheck Protection Program Using Administrative Payroll Microdata’, Unpublished manuscript, 22 July.
Balleer A, B Gehrke, W Lechthaler and C Merkl (2016), ‘Does Short-Time Work Save Jobs? A Business Cycle Analysis’, European Economic Review, 84, pp 99–122.
Bartik AW, M Bertrand, F Lin, J Rothstein and M Unrath (2020), ‘Measuring the Labor Market at the Onset of the COVID-19 Crisis’, NBER Working Paper No 27613.
Bishop J, L Gustafsson and M Plumb (2016), ‘Jobs or Hours? Cyclical Labour Market Adjustment in Australia’, RBA Research Discussion Paper No 2016-06.
Boeri T and H Bruecker (2011), ‘Short-Time Work Benefits Revisited: Some Lessons from the Great Recession’, Institute for the Study of Labor, IZA Discussion Paper No 5635.
Burda MC and J Hunt (2011), ‘What Explains the German Labor Market Miracle in the Great Recession?’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Spring, pp 273–319.
Cassells R and A Duncan (2020), ‘JobKeeper: The Efficacy of Australia's First Short-Time Wage Subsidy’, Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 23(2), pp 99–128.
Chetty R, JN Friedman, N Hendren, M Stepner and The Opportunity Insights Team (2020), ‘How Did COVID-19 and Stabilization Policies Affect Spending and Employment? A New Real-Time Economic Tracker Based on Private Sector Data’, NBER Working Paper No 27431.
Department of Home Affairs (2018), ‘Temporary Visa Holders in Australia’, accessed 29 October 2020. Available at <https://data.gov.au/dataset/ds-dga-ab245863-4dea-4661-a334-71ee15937130/details?q=>.
Efstathiou K, TY Mathä, C Veiga and L Wintr (2018), ‘Short-Time Work in Luxembourg: Evidence from a Firm Survey’, Journal for Labour Market Research, 52, Article 14.
Frydenberg J (Treasurer) (2020), ‘JobKeeper Payment Supporting Millions of Jobs’, Media Release, 14 April. Available at <https://ministers.treasury.gov.au/ministers/josh-frydenberg-2018/media-releases/jobkeeper-payment-supporting-millions-jobs>.
FWO (Fair Work Ombudsman) (2020a), ‘Casual Employees’, Employee Entitlements, FWO website, viewed 29 October 2020. Available at <https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/types-of-employees/casual-part-time-and-full-time/casual-employees>.
FWO (2020b), ‘Ending Employment & the JobKeeper Scheme’, Coronavirus and Australian Workplace Laws, FWO website, viewed 29 October 2020. Available at <https://coronavirus.fairwork.gov.au/coronavirus-and-australian-workplace-laws/pay-and-leave-during-coronavirus/jobkeeper-wage-subsidy-scheme/ending-employment-and-the-jobkeeper-scheme>.
FWO (2020c), ‘Notice of Termination & Redundancy Pay’, How will we Help, FWO website, viewed 29 October 2020. Available at <https://www.fairwork.gov.au/how-we-will-help/templates-and-guides/fact-sheets/minimum-workplace-entitlements/notice-of-termination-and-redundancy-pay>.
Granja J, C Makridis, C Yannelis and E Zwick (2020), ‘Did the Paycheck Protection Program Hit the Target?’, NBER Working Paper No 27095.
Hamilton S (2020), ‘A Tale of Two Wage Subsidies: The American and Australian Fiscal Responses to COVID-19’, George Washington University, Elliot School of International Affairs, Institute for International Economic Policy Working Paper IIEP-WP-2020-12.
Hijzen A and S Martin (2013), ‘The Role of Short-Time Work Schemes during the Global Financial Crisis and Early Recovery: A Cross-Country Analysis’, Institute for the Study of Labor, IZA Discussion Paper No 7291.
Hubbard G and MR Strain (2020), ‘Has the Paycheck Protection Program Succeeded?’, Paper presented at the Brookings Papers on Economic Activity Fall Conference ‘COVID-19 and the Economy’, Online, 24 September.
Kopp D and M Siegenthaler (2018), ‘Does Short-Time Work Prevent Unemployment?’, Swiss Economic Institute, KOF Studies No 106.
Lydon R, TY Mathä and S Millard (2018), ‘Short-Time Work in the Great Recession: Firm-Level Evidence from 20 EU Countries’, Central Bank of Ireland Research Technical Paper, 2018(13).
Migrant Workers' Taskforce (2019), Report of the Migrant Workers' Taskforce, (A Fels, Chair), March, Australian Government, Canberra.
Möller J (2010), ‘The German Labor Market Response in the World Recession – De-mystifying a Miracle’, Journal for Labour Market Research, 42(4), pp 325–336.
Morrison S (Prime Minister) and J Frydenberg (Treasurer) (2020), ‘More Support for More Businesses and Workers’, Joint Media Release, 7 August.
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2020), ‘Issue Note 5: Flattening the Unemployment Curve? Policies to Support Workers' Income and Promote a Speedy Labour Market Recovery’, OECD Economic Outlook, 2020(1), No 107, pp 114–129.
RBA (Reserve Bank of Australia) (2020), ‘Box A: Using Wage Subsidies to Support Labour Markets through the COVID-19 Shock’, Statement on Monetary Policy, August, viewed 29 October 2020. Available at <https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/smp/2020/aug/box-a-using-wage-subsidies-to-support-labour-markets-through-the-covid-19-shock.html>.
Treasury (Australian Treasury) (2020a), ‘JobKeeper Payment — Information for Employers’, Economic Response to the Coronavirus, Fact Sheet, 9 June.
Treasury (2020b), ‘The JobKeeper Payment: Three-Month Review’, June.
Treasury and ATO (2020), ‘JobKeeper Update’, Joint Media Release, 22 May.