RDP 2020-01: Credit Spreads, Monetary Policy and the Price Puzzle Appendix A: Literature Review
January 2020
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For Australia, early research finds mixed evidence for the response of prices to monetary policy (no price puzzle in Dungey and Pagan (2000); Berkelmans (2005); price puzzle in Suzuki (2004); Beechey and Österholm (2008); Lawson and Rees (2008)). Brischetto and Voss (1999) find that controlling for US interest rates and the Australian dollar exchange rate is crucial to remove the price puzzle. Using more recent data, Jacobs and Rayner (2012) and Phan (2014) find strong price puzzles even in similar (successful) specifications to the earlier Australian research. This has raised the question whether identification of the effects of monetary policy in Australia has become more difficult since the advent of inflation targeting in the early 1990s. Using a simulation study, Jääskelä and Jennings (2010) find that standard identification schemes typically deliver a price puzzle and hence suggest using a sign-restriction identification approach which delivers the desired response by construction. Most recently, Hartigan and Morley (2018) propose that the price puzzle can be resolved using a factor augmented VAR (FAVAR), which better accounts for the vast information the Bank uses when producing its forecasts.
Paper | Method and sample | Price puzzle | Peak/trough response | Discussion |
---|---|---|---|---|
Brischetto and Voss (1999) | SVAR(6), 7-variate, zero restrictions motivated by theory, 1980:Q1–1998:Q4 | No (in preferred specification), response not significant | Price level: 0.12%, 2 qtrs / –0.8%, 10 qtrs | No price puzzle only when allowing for contemporaneous response of the cash rate to US federal funds rate and to nominal AUD/USD exchange rate |
Dungey and Pagan (2000) | SVAR(3), 11-variate, selected lags, zero restrictions motivated by theory, 1980:Q1–1998:Q3 | No | Inflation: –0.1 ppt, 10 qtrs (1 standard deviation shock) Price level: trough after 18 qtrs, magnitude unclear | |
Suzuki (2004) | SVAR(2), 11-variate, recursive, 1985:Q1–2000:Q2 | Yes | Price level: 0.2%, 3 qtrs | Small price puzzle in unrestricted model, strong and significant puzzle in restricted model |
Berkelmans (2005) | SVAR(3), 7-variate, zero restrictions motivated by theory, 1983:Q4–2003:Q4 | No | Inflation: –0.2 ppt, 12 qtrs | |
Beechey and Österholm (2008) | Bayesian SVAR(3), 7-variate, recursive, 1985:Q1–2006:Q3 | Yes | Inflation: 0.1 ppt, 4 qtrs / –0.1, 10 qtrs | |
Lawson and Rees (2008) | Sectoral SVAR(3), 11-variate, zero restrictions motivated by theory, 1983:Q4–2007:Q3 | Yes, insignificant | Inflation: 0.06 ppt, 3 qtrs / –0.5 ppt, 8 qtrs | |
Jääskelä and Jennings (2010) | SVAR, 7-variate, sign restrictions, 1984:Q1–2009:Q4 | No, by construction | Inflation: –0.3 ppt, impact | |
Jacobs and Rayner (2012) | SVAR(2), 11-variate, 1983:Q4–2011:Q4 | Yes, significant | Inflation: 0.05 ppt, 5 qtrs | Price puzzle becomes insignificant if a measure of inflation expectations is added |
Phan (2014) | SVARs, various specifications, recursive, 1982:Q3–2007:Q4 | Yes, significant | Price level: 0.2–0.4%, 6 qtrs | |
Bishop and Tulip (2017) | Univariate models and SVARs, various specifications, Romer and Romer (2004) identification, 1994:Q2–2015:Q4 | Yes | Price level: 0.5–1.5%, 8 qtrs | |
Kim and Lim (2018) | SVAR(6), 6-variate, sign restrictions, 1993:Q1–2014:Q3 | No, by construction | Price level: –0.1%, 3 qtrs | |
Florio (2018) | SVAR(1), 3-variate, recursive, 1976:Q3–2007:Q4 | Yes, significant | Price level: 0.7%, 10 qtrs | Significant price puzzle pre-inflation targeting, insignificant but equally strong thereafter |
Hartigan and Morley (2018) | FAVAR(2), recursive, 1976:Q4–2017:Q2 | No | Inflation: 0.3 ppt, 10 qtrs Price level: 6%, 36 qtrs | |
Notes: Peak and trough effects are to a 1 percentage point monetary policy shock, where provided by the author(s); effects are often approximated from graphical display of estimated effects; the shock is always contractionary and temporary, but the cash rate evolves endogenously after the shock and persistence may vary |