RDP 2018-12: Where's the Money? An Investigation into the Whereabouts and Uses of Australian Banknotes References

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2013), ‘Information Paper: The Non-Observed Economy and Australia's GDP, 2012’, ABS Cat No 5204.0.55.008, viewed 4 July 2018.

ACIC (Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission) (2017), 2016–17 Annual Report.

ACIC (2018a), Illicit Drug Data Report 2016–17.

ACIC (2018b), National Wastewater Drug Monitoring Program, Report 4, March.

AIHW (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare) (2017), National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2016: Detailed Findings, Drug Statistics Series No 31, Cat No PHE 214, AIHW, Canberra.

Bank of Finland (Suomen Pankki) (2012), ‘Returning Markka to the Bank of Finland’, viewed 4 July 2018. Available at <https://www.suomenpankki.fi/en/money-and-payments/the-markka2/returning-markka-to-the-bank-of-finland/>.

Bartzsch N, Rösl G and F Seitz (2011), ‘Foreign Demand for Euro Banknotes Issued in Germany: Estimation Using Indirect Approaches’, Deutsche Bundesbank Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies No 21/2011.

BETF (Black Economy Taskforce) (2017), Black Economy Taskforce: Final Report – October 2017, (M Andrew, Chair), Australian Treasury, Canberra.

Boeschoten WC (1992), Currency Use and Payments Patterns, Financial and Monetary Policy Studies, 23, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

Davies C, M-A Doyle, C Fisher and S Nightingale (2016), ‘The Future of Cash’, RBA Bulletin, December, pp 43–52.

Doyle M-A, C Fisher, E Tellez and A Yadav (2017), ‘How Australians Pay: Evidence from the 2016 Consumer Payments Survey’, RBA Research Discussion Paper No 2017-04.

Feige EL (2012), ‘The Myth of the “Cashless Society”: How Much of America's Currency is Overseas?’, The Usage, Costs and Benefits of Cash: Theory and Evidence from Macro and Micro Data, Papers from the International Cash Conference, Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt am Main, pp 119–151.

Fish T and R Whymark (2015), ‘How Has Cash Usage Evolved in Recent Decades? What Might Drive Demand in the Future?’, Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, 55(3) Q3, pp 216–227.

Flannigan G and S Parsons (2018), ‘High-Denomination Banknotes in Circulation: A Cross-Country Analysis’, RBA Bulletin, March, viewed 4 July 2018. Available at <https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2018/mar/high-denomination-banknotes-in-circulation-a-cross-country-analysis.html>.

Flannigan G and A Staib (2017), ‘The Growing Demand for Cash’, RBA Bulletin, September, pp 63–74.

Gresvik O and A Kaloudis (2001), ‘Increased Cash Holdings – Reduced Use of Cash: A Paradox?’, Norges Bank Economic Bulletin, No 4/2001, pp 134–139.

Guibourg G and B Segendorf (2007), ‘The Use of Cash and the Size of the Shadow Economy in Sweden’, Sveriges Riksbank Working Paper Series No 204.

Gyomai G and P van de Ven (2014), ‘The Non-Observed Economy in the System of National Accounts’, OECD Statistics Brief No 18. Available at <https://www.oecd.org/sdd/na/Statistics%20Brief%2018.pdf>.

Humphrey D, A Kaloudis and G Øwre (2004), ‘The Future of Cash: Falling Legal Use and Implications for Government Policy’, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 14(3), pp 221–233.

Judson R (2012), ‘Crisis and Calm: Demand for U.S. Currency at Home and Abroad from the Fall of the Berlin Wall to 2011’, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System International Finance Discussion Paper IFDP 1058.

Karlsson A and L Burns (2017), Australian Drug Trends 2017: Findings from the Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS), Australian Drug Trends Series No 181, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney. Available at <https://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/resource/illicit-drug-reporting-system-idrs-national-report-2017>.

Lalouette L and H Esselink (2018), ‘Trends and Developments in the Use of Euro Cash over the past Ten Years’, ECB Economic Bulletin, No 6/2018, pp 87–109.

Lowe P (2018), ‘Remarks at Reserve Bank Board Dinner’, Adelaide, 1 May

Medina L and F Schneider (2018), ‘Shadow Economies around the World: What Did We Learn over the Last 20 Years?’, IMF Working Paper No WP/18/17.

OECD, IMF, ILO and CIS Stat (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, International Monetary Fund, International Labour Organization and Interstate Statistical Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States) (2002), Measuring the Non-Observed Economy: A Handbook, OECD Publishing, Paris.

Pickhardt M and J Sardà (2012), ‘Cash, Hoarding and the Underground Economy’, The Usage, Costs and Benefits of Cash: Theory and Evidence from Macro and Micro Data, Papers from the International Cash Conference, Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt am Main, pp 15–45.

Rush A (2015), ‘The Life of Australian Banknotes’, RBA Research Discussion Paper No 2015-10.

Schneider F, A Buehn and CE Montenegro (2010), ‘Shadow Economies All over the World: New Estimates for 162 Countries from 1999 to 2007 (Revised Version)’, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5356.

Seitz F (2007), ‘A Simple Way to Capture Transaction Balances’, Economics Letters, 95(2), pp 230–233.

Snellman JS, JM Vesala and DB Humphrey (2001), ‘Substitution of Noncash Payment Instruments for Cash in Europe’, Journal of Financial Services Research, 19(2–3), pp 131–145.

Stenkula M (2004), ‘The Euro Cash Changeover Process’, Kyklos, 57(2), pp 265–286.

Sumner SB (1990), ‘The Transactions and Hoarding Demand for Currency’, Quarterly Review of Economics and Business, 30(1), pp 75–89.

Sveriges Riksbank (2018), ‘Statistics on Notes and Coins’, viewed 4 July 2018. Available at <https://www.riksbank.se/en-gb/notes-and-coins/statistics/>.

Uhl M and N Bartzsch (2018), ‘Domestic and Foreign Demand for Euro Banknotes Issued in Germany’, War on Cash: Is there a Future for Cash?, Papers from the International Cash Conference, Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt am Main, pp 251–286.